On may 30, 2008, delegates at the dublin diplomatic conference on cluster munitions adopted the convention on cluster munitions ccm, a new treaty that seeks to ban the use, development, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, and transfer of cluster munitions. Cluster munitions are characterized as bombs or shells that consist of an outer. Cluster munitions are a type of explosive weapon widely stockpiled by more than 80 states. Will keep older cluster munitions, a weapon banned by 102 nations. The convention was previously published as miscellaneous no.
Declaration to forward the text of the draft cluster munitions convention as the basic proposal for consideration at the dublin diplomatic conference, together with the compendium of additional proposals. Will keep older cluster munitions, a weapon banned by. Sep 01, 2016 using the 2008 convention on cluster munitions as its principal frame of reference, the report covers global trends in ban policy, survey and clearance of cluster munition remnants, cluster munition casualties, and efforts to guarantee the rights and meet the needs of cluster munition victims. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon. The process that led to the adoption of the convention on cluster munitions was initiated in response to, and ran in parallel with, the framework of the convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects ccw, which was. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 4. The convention is the result of the osloprocess, a diplomatic process that included states, civil society, the international committee of the red cross as well as the united nations. Convention on cluster munitions, ccm 77, 30 may 2008 excerpt. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. The central provision of the convention on cluster munitions is the ban on the use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions.
Cluster munitions have been a significant weapon in the worlds arsenals for the last halfcentury, but their use has drawn sharp criticism for its impact on civilian populations. They are dropped from the air or fired from the ground and are designed to break open in midair, releasing the submunitions and saturating an area that can be as wide as several. Using the 2008 convention on cluster munitions as its principal frame of reference, the report covers global trends in ban policy, survey and. Members of the south korean air force prepared to load cluster bombs onto a.
Convention on cluster munitions where global solutions are. States parties and signatories by region the convention on. Convention on cluster munitions, international treaty, adopted by more than 100 countries on may 30, 2008, that prohibited the manufacture, transfer, and use of cluster munitions. Adoption of the convention on cluster munitions asil. The convention on cluster munitions is a humanitarian imperativedriven legal instrument which prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. Recalling its resolutions 6371 of 2 december 2008 on the. The weapons function by releasing dozens of small bomblets over a wide area. Should not join the convention on cluster munitions. The issue of cluster munitions has risen to prominence in recent years and received strong public attention in 2011. This makes it illegal in every country that joins the convention for anyone to use cluster munitions or engage in any production or trade of the weapon. Cluster munitions kill and injure large numbers of civilians and cause long lasting socioeconomic problems. The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for signature on 3 december 2008 in oslo. Each weapon can contain from several to hundreds of explosive submunitions. Notable absentees were countries that produce, stockpile, and use cluster munitions, including the united states, israel, india, and china.
Other weapons that have been banned in this way include. Convention on cluster munitions arms control association. By adopting this convention, states have put in place the final plank in the international legal structure addressing the effects of weapons that dont stop killing. The recent convention on cluster munitions ccm, convention 1 is the latest attempt by the international community to humanize the conduct of war. Convention sur les armes a sousmunitions kohbehuidi no kaccethbim 60enphnacam convenci6n sobre municiones en racimo. An incomplete solution to the cluster munition problem. The convention, prohibiting the use, development, production, transfer, and.
This is the seventh annual cluster munition monitor report. The convention on cluster munitions separate articles in the convention concern assistance to victims, clearance of contaminated areas and destruction of stockpiles. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or when they. The convention on cluster munitions ccm, inter alia, bans the use of cluster munitions, as well as their development, production, acquisition, transfer, and stockpiling. May 30, 2008 convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. Cluster munitions international committee of the red cross.
Cluster munition means a conventional munition that is designed to disperse. The convention on cluster munitions bans all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. Apr 23, 2020 convention on cluster munitions, international treaty, adopted by more than 100 countries on may 30, 2008, that prohibited the manufacture, transfer, and use of cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the.
Saudi arabia should immediately abandon all use of cluster munitions, destroy its stockpile and accede to the international convention on cluster munitions, amnesty international said after the kingdoms surprise admission today that it used the inherently indiscriminate weapon in yemen. Cluster munitions or cluster bombs are weapons that consist of one carrier container filled with separate bomblets. Convention on cluster munitions e united nations office. Treaties, states parties, and commentaries convention on. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the international treaty of more than 100 states that addresses the humanitarian consequences and unacceptable harm caused to civilians by cluster munitions, through a categorical prohibition and a framework for action. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions provides the only international framework for eradicating these weapons. Dublin, 30 may 2008 the convention was ratified by the united kingdom on the 4 may 2010 and entered into force for the united kingdom on the 1 november 2010 presented to parliament. The process that created the convention poses dangers to american sovereignty and effective diplomacy, and joining the convention would reduce. The cluster munition coalition cmc is an international civil society movement campaigning against the use, production, stockpiling and transfer of cluster munitions. This act entered into force on 16 march 2015 and canada ratified the convention on cluster munitions that same day. It is a landmark in the efforts to address the suffering that these weapons cause. The dublin conference used the draft cluster munitions convention of 21 january 2008 draft convention to finalize the text of the ccm.
The convention on cluster munitions was concluded by the dublin diplomatic conference on cluster munitions at dublin on 30 may 2008. General ahmed alasiri, the spokesperson for the saudi arabialed military coalition, stated today that. Convention on cluster munitions and mine ban treaty respectively. It entered into force on 1 august 2010, six months after it was. It establishes new rules to ensure that cluster munitions are no longer used and. Statesparties include former producers and users of cluster munitions such as france, germany, the. The convention was adopted in dublin by 107 states on 30 may 2008 and signed on 3 december the same year. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. The recent convention on cluster munitions ccm, convention1 is the latest attempt by the international community to humanize the conduct of war. States parties and signatories by region the convention. Convention on cluster munitions ccm15 described as frustrated with the ccw process, a number of ccw membersled by norway initiated negotiations in 2007 outside of the ccw to ban cluster munitions.
Convention on cluster munitions e united nations office at. It not only includes a chapter on the content of the convention and one on stockpile destructiona signi. Following up on the progress made at the lima conference may 2007, the viena. A total of 102 states have ratified or acceded to the convention on cluster munitions to become full statesparties as of 1 august 2017, and 17 states that have signed have yet to ratify. The diplomatic conference for the adoption of a convention on cluster munitions was held from 19 to 30 may 2008, in dublin. Cluster munitions at a glance arms control association. However, not all states participated in the ccm negotiations. Its disarmament provisions comprehensively prohibit the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster munitions, as well as assistance with any of these banned activities, and require that stockpiled cluster munitions be destroyed within eight years. It also requires destruction of stockpiles, clearance of. I am delighted that the convention on cluster munitions has come into force for the uk today. Cluster munitions, often called cluster bombs, are weapons made up of a hollow shell which contain smaller bombs called submunitions. Convention on cluster munitions where global solutions.
Article 1 general obligations and scope of application 1. It also requires destruction of stockpiles, clearance of areas contaminated. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of international humanitarian law bonnie docherty abstract the 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon that causes civilian casualties both during and after attacks. As such, the guide is intended to support the work within both the convention on certain conventional weapons on cluster munitions, and also the oslo. The act prohibits the use, development, production, acquisition, possession, import, export, as well as foreign movement for the purpose of transferring ownership and control of cluster munitions. The ccm will be opened for signature on december 3, 2008 ccm, article 15. The adoption of the convention on cluster munitions is a recognition of cluster munitions terrible and unacceptable consequences for civilian populations. The convention on cluster munitions ccm prohibits the use, possession, production and transfer of cluster munitions and requires the destruction of existing stocks. Model law convention on cluster munitions the convention on. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions. Convention sur les armes a sous munitions kohbehuidi no kaccethbim 60enphnacam convenci6n sobre municiones en racimo. Global cluster munition convention languagethe central provision of the convention on cluster munitions is the ban on the use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions.
The convention on cluster munitions defines the weapon as a conventional munition that is designed to disperse or release explosive submunitions each weighing less than 20 kilograms, and includes those explosive submunitions. Implementation of the convention on cluster munitions unog. Convention on cluster munitions international treaty. Fact sheet convention on cluster munitions the convention on cluster munitions ccm was opened for signature in oslo on 3 december 2008 and entered into force on 1 august 2010. Under the terms of the convention, a number of responsibilities have. Cluster munitions do not distinguish between civilians and combatants and can leave behind unexploded ordnance which can harm civilians and be detrimental to economic and social development for decades after use. In 2008, the convention on cluster munitions was adopted by over 100 countries. When dropped, the bomb is designed to open midair and distribute the bomblets so that they, on impact, will explode and affect an area that can be as. In addition, it establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate assistance to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas.
The convention is an important addition to international humanitarian law ihl. Convention text the convention on cluster munitions. Implementation of the convention on cluster munitions. Cluster munitions, cluster bombs human rights watch. Separate articles in the convention concern destruction of stockpiles, clearance of contaminated areas, assistance to victims, submission of transparency reports, and adoption of domestic legislation.
The role of ngo activism in the implementation of the. Convention on cluster munitions enters into force for the. Adopted on 30 may 2008 during a diplomatic conference held in dublin, it was the culmination of a process begun in oslo in february 2007, following the failure of the convention. They are documented to have caused significant civilian deaths and injuries and have. Cluster munitions were further developed during the cold war by both north atlantic treaty organisation. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions prohibits the use, production, stockpiling and transfer of cluster munitions and requires states to ensure that they claim no further victims. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of. Convention on cluster munitions convention on cluster munitions determined also to ensure the full realisation of the rights of all cluster munition victims and recognising their inherent dignity, resolved to do their utmost in providing assistance to clus ter munition victims, including medical care, rehabilitation and. The convention on cluster munitions ccm prohibits all use, stockpiling, production and transfer of cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. Cluster munitions are characterized as bombs or shells that consist of an outer casing that houses dozens, or even hundreds, of smaller submunitions. Transfer involves, in addition to the physical movement of cluster munitions into or from national territory, the transfer of title to and control over cluster munitions, but does not involve the transfer of territory containing cluster munition remnants.
The convention also sets legal precedent in three ways. A cluster bomb can contain anywhere from nine to several hundred bomblets. The convention bans the use, development, production, stockpiling and transfer of cluster munitions. Unoda documents library ga resolutions and decisions disarmament treaties. Convention on cluster munitions how is convention on. The convention became binding international law when it entered into force on 1. Convention on cluster munitions tke states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions bomblets over an area. The role of ngo activism in the implementation of the convention on cluster munitions thomas nash thomas nash joined the international cluster munition coalition cmc in early 2004 and has served as coordinator throughout the successful global campaign to achieve an international treaty banning cluster bombs. The gichd does not have a policy or advocacy role in this, or any other area. Convention on cluster munitions reaching critical will. Previous efforts focused on prohibitions of other weapons, such as landmines. The purpose of the convention is to provide a comprehensive international response to the suffering caused by the use of cluster munitions and.
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